Everyone. including Athletes, should be informed about the complications of tattooing. Nowadays the dictum is: "Think before you ink."
Ancient and Biblical Diseases, like Leprosy, are returning due to recurrence of Ancient and Biblical circumstances i.e. climate change, melting glaciers, sexual promiscuity, sexual maladies, venereal disease, poor nutrition, no vaccinations, inadequate health care, homelessness, water impurities, uncleanliness, incivility, violence, war, urbanization (ancient overcrowded cities), to name a few causes.
Leviticus 19:28 You shall not make any cuttings in your flesh for the dead, nor tattoo any marks upon you: I am the LORD. [King James Version of Holy Bible]
"Leprosy has terrified humanity since ancient times and was reported as early as 600 BC in India, China, and Egypt. Hansen’s disease is still a major health problem."
"While the definition of Leprosy in modern times is different from biblical times, there is no doubt that the leprosy definitions overlap, and the modern form of the disease still illustrates important spiritual lessons today.
"In addition to pain and DIsfiguration, biblical leprosy, aka Hansen’s disease, are both dreaded, and people were shunned because of them. The Hebrew noun, tsara’ath, for Leprosy appears about two dozen times in the Hebrew text.
As previously mentioned, biblical leprosy is a broader term than the leprosy (Hansen’s disease) that we know today. The Hebrew tsara’ath included a variety of ailments and is most frequently seen in Leviticus, where it referred primarily to uncleanness or imperfections according to biblical standards.
Although we can’t know all the reasons that God allows disease into our lives, biblical leprosyis a powerful symbol reminding us of sin’s spread and its horrible consequences. Like leprosy, sin starts out small but can then spread, leading to other sins and causing great damage to our relationship with God and others.
Studying leprosy helps us see why pain is a valuable “gift,” a survival mechanism to warn us of danger in this cursed world. Without pain and suffering, we might be like lepers, unable to recognize that something is terribly wrong and that we need the healing touch of God. As Dr. Brand said, “I cannot think of a greater gift that I could give my leprosy patients than pain.”
"Let us not be too quick to remove pain in our lives (whether physical, emotional, social, or spiritual pain). It may be God’s megaphone to get our attention that something is seriously wrong and that we should flee to the One who created us.
Condensed and adapted from the book, The Genesis of Germs, published by Master Books.[Biblical Leprosy: Shedding Light on the Disease that Shunsby Dr. Alan L. Gillen on June 10, 2007; last featured October 25, 2009, Answers Magazine 2019]
"Prolonged, close contact with someone with untreated Leprosy (Hansen’s disease) over many months is needed to catch the disease. You cannot get Leprosyfrom a casual contact with a person who has Hansen’s disease like: Shaking hands or hugging, Sitting next to each other on the bus, Sitting together at a meal etc. Leprosy not passed on from a mother to her unborn baby and it is not sexually transmitted. In the southern United States, some armadillos are naturally infected with the bacteria that cause Hansen’s disease in people and it may be possible that they can spread it to people and spread from people have untreated Leprosy (Hansen’s disease).
In the U.S., Hansen’s disease is rare. Around the world, as many as 2 million people are permanently disabled as a result of Hansen’s disease.The risk of getting Hansen’s disease for any adult around the world is very low. 95% of all people have natural immunity to the disease.
In the southern United States, some armadillos are naturally infected with the bacteria that cause Hansen's disease. Leprosy is widespread Africa: Asia: Americas: Brazil [the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention, CDC]M. leprae is an acid-fast, gram-positive obligate intracellular bacillus that shows tropism for cells of the reticuloendothelial system and peripheral nervous system (notably Schwann cells) and has low pathogenicityOrganisms may be acquired by the susceptible host usually through respiratory system or by way of skin to skin contact (between exudates of a leprosy patient’s skin lesions and the abraded skin of another individual).
M. leprae activates this receptor on Schwann cells, which is suggested to be responsible for the activation of apoptosis genes and which enhances the onset of nerve damage seen in the mild disease.
Leprosy was reported in Louisiana as early as the 18th century. The first leprosarium in the continental United States existed in Carville, Louisiana from 1894-1999 and Baton Rouge, Louisiana is the home of the only institution in the United States that is exclusively devoted to leprosyconsulting, research, and training.
18th century Spanish controll Louisiana, Spanish physicians and surgeons noted that many of the Africans brought to Louisiana during the slave trade were afflicted with Leprosy.[1] On the 1850 U.S. Census, leprosy was listed as a cause of death. Four deaths were recorded from Louisiana.[4]
Beginning in 1857, Annual reports from Charity Hospital (New Orleans), indicated that the hospital freely admitted those with leprosy. The large number of cases at Charity Hospital remained unreported to the general public until 1888.
Releasing this data made some New Orleans residents more conscious of leprosy that they had previously been. The Blanc Data revealed leprosy was endemic in New Orleans, especially among white citizens.[5] In the 1880s, the incidence rate of leprosy in Louisiana was 4.5 per 100,000 people.[6] By the 1890s, most accepted that leprosy existed in Louisiana. Leprosy patients were treated in a "pest-house" near Bayou St. John in New Orleans.
The Louisiana Leper Home, an institution to quarantine lepers living in Louisiana, was opened in 1894 in Carville, Louisiana. By 1896, there were 31 patients at the leprosarium.
As of 2001, there were 15 total leprosy, or Hansen's Disease, cases reported in Louisiana. Thirteen of those reported cases were endemic. These thirteen endemic cases came from thirteen different parishes in Louisiana. However, most of these cases were concentrated in the southern half of the state.[14][Life at Carville J Cutan Aesthet Surg. 2015 Jan-Mar; 8(1): 30–36. doi: 10.4103/0974-2077.155072]
Tattooing is a process of implantation of permanent pigment granules in the skin. Tattoos can be decorative, medical or accidental. There has been a exponential increase in decorative tattooing as a body art in teenagers and young adults.
Unfortunately there are no legislations to promote safe tattooing, hence complications are quite common. Superficial and deep local infections, systemic infections, allergic reactions, photodermatitis, granulomatous reactions and lichenoid reactions may occur. Skin diseases localised on the tattooed area, such as eczema, psoriasis, lichen planus, and morphea can be occasionally seen.
When used as a camouflage technique, color mismatch and patient dissatisfaction are common complications. On the other hand, regrets after a tattoo are also seen and requests for tattoo removal are rising.
Laser tattoo removal using Q-switched lasers are the safest; however, complications can occur. Acute complications include pain, blistering, crusting and pinpoint hemorrhage. Among the delayed complications pigmentary changes, hypopigmentation and hyperpigmentation, paradoxical darkening of cosmetic tattoos and allergic reactions can be seen.
Another common complication is the presence of residual pigmentation or ghost images. Scarring and textural changes are potential irreversible complications. In addition, tattoo removal can be a prolonged tedious procedure, particularly with professional tattoos, which are difficult to erase as compared to amateur tattoos. Hence the adage, stop and think before you ink holds very much true in the present scenario.
“Unfortunately, there are no legislations to promote safe tattooing. Hence tattoo complications are quite common. Superficial and deep local infections, systemic infections, allergic reactions, photodermatitis, granulomatous reactions and lichenoid reactions may occur. Skin diseases localized on the tattooed area, such as eczema, psoriasis, lichen planus, and morphea can be occasionally seen.”
There is a need to increase awareness in youth today regarding increased risks of tattooing when carried out in potential unsterile environments. [Complications of Tattoos and Tattoo Removal: Stop and Think Before you ink, Niti Khunger, Anupama Molpariya,1 and Arjun Khunger2 cited by other articles in PMC]
Mycobacterium chelonae is a non-tuberculous Mycobacterium spp. classified in the rapidly growing mycobacteria group. M. chelonae has been isolated from various environmental sources, including tap water, water tanks, industrial sources, and even medical instruments.
Disruption of the skin barrier caused by trauma, surgical intervention or cosmetic procedures facilitates the entry of different bacteria that can produce localized or, usually in immunosuppressed patients, systemic infections. We describe here an outbreak of M. chelonae infection in five immunocompetent patients who were being tattooed by the same artist.
Infectious complications are the most important potential sequelae in association with tattoos when the aseptic conditions of the procedure are not maintained or when the dye used for injection is not sterile. Staphylococcus and Streptococcus infections have an historical interest as causes of erysipelas, cellulitis and gangrene (2). Local skin lesions, such as verruca vulgaris (3), molluscum contagiosum (4) or superficial mycosis, have also been described.
Systemic infections are the biggest concern and they include hepatitis (5), HIV (6), syphilis (5), leprosy (7) or tuberculosis (8). Atypical mycobacteria infections secondary to tattooing have been reported previously (2, 9–12).
"We report here 5 well-documented cases and other two non-confirmed cases of M. chelonae infection related to the grey areas of tattoos administered in the same tattoo parlor. Atypical mycobacterial infection should be considered when skin lesions develop following a tattoo or any other procedure that affects the subcutaneous tissue.[Mycobacterium chelonae Infection Associated with TattoosIsabel Rodríguez-Blanco et al Dermatology Department, Hospital da Barbanza, Ribeira, Oleiros s/n, ES-15993 La Coruña, 2Department of Pathology, Clinical University Hospital and School of Medicine, 3Microbiology Department, Clinical University Hospital, Santiago de Compostela, 4Microbiology Department, IIS-Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, and 5Dermatology Department, Hospital Universitario, A Coruña, Spain. September 27, 2010. ActaDV]
The Leprosy bacilli might enter the body through needle inoculation, for example, tattooing. Tattooing is common in Asian and African countries where leprosy is endemic. Leprosy occurring at a tattoo or scar, though infrequent, may be of epidemiological interest, concerning M. leprae 's preference for settling in tattoos and scars. This is illustrated in this report.
Case report Y, a 35-year-old woman, was tattooed about 20 years ago. A year later she noticed a small erythematous patch on and around the tattoo mark over the back of her right wrist. The patch was asymptomatic for almost 15 years, after which she noticed an increase in its size which was primarily confined to the tattoo mark. and slit-skin smears.
Lepromin (Mitsuda) was strongly positive. The diagnosis of tuberculoid tuberculoid (TT) was thus confirmed and the patient has been prescribed multidrug therapy comprising of 600 mg rifampicin once a month and 1 00 mg of diaminodiphenyl suI phone daily. Department of Dermatology and Venereology Maulana A zad Medical College New Delhi (India)
A rare but difficult-to-treat bacterial infection that usually strikes people with impaired immune systems is showing up for the first time in healthy individuals getting tattoos, the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reported today. 2 cases of skin infections caused by this bacterium, Mycobacterium haemophilum, have occurred in individuals receiving tattoos in the Seattle area, the CDC said.
"These bacteria are in the same family as those that cause tuberculosis and leprosy. Symptoms of the infection include small bumps at the site of infection, in addition to redness, pain, swelling and discharge, the researchers said.
The infection is not responsive to traditional antibiotic treatments, and even with the right drugs, can take months to heal. "Clinicians should consider this bacterium Mycobacterium haemophilum as a potential cause of skin infections in persons who have recently received a tattoo."
Tap water was used to dilute tattoo ink, and may have been the source of the bacteria, the CDC said. While using tap water is not against standards, the researchers recommended tattoo artists instead use distilled or sterile water at all times.
The report is published in the September issue of the CDC journal Emerging Infectious Diseases.
Pass it on: Doctors should consider Mycobacterium haemophilum as a cause of skin infections in people who've recently received a tattoo.[Tattoos Linked to Hard-to-Treat Bacterial Infection By Rachael Rettner August 10, 2011 Health, Live Science]
“31 female patients most in the third decade of life with leprosy lesions starting over tattoo marks observed over a period of 16 years are reported. All the patients belonged to the Chhattisgarh State, which is highly endemic for leprosy.
“All of them done by roadside tattoo artists, who used unsterile needles for tattooing a large gathering one after another with the same needles. In all of them, the first lesion of leprosy started over a tattoo mark. 25 cases had only single lesion of leprosy confined to tattoo marks. The duration between tattooing and appearance of first lesion in most of the cases varied from 10 to 20 years. Paucibacillary leprosy was the commonest type observed in 29 cases, while two had multibacillary leprosy.
The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in all cases. Tattoo-related leprosy (TRL) has been reported as early as 1939 [191] and usually presents with some combination of a hypopigmented/discolored [192][193][194] or erythematous [87,[194][195][196][197] lesion involving the tattoo, hypoesthesia/anesthesia over the lesion, [192,193,[195][196][197] nearby neuropathy (sensory/motor/paresthesia), [87,193] and thickening of a nearby nerve. [191,[193][194][195][196][197] Time from tattooing to onset of symptoms can range from 5 months [197] to >50 years. ...
[Inoculation (tattoo) leprosy: A report of 31 cases, Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 16(5):494-9 · October 2002 DOI: 10.1046/j.1468-3083.2002.00548.x · Source: PubMedby Ashok Ghorpade34.24 J.L.N Hospital & research centre, Bhilai steel plant]
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